Investissement étranger en Italie, dernières tendances

Cathédrale d'Ortona - Italie
Cathédrale d’Ortona – Italie

Italie de moins en moins attrayante pour les investisseurs étrangers. Le pays perd des positions  dans les classements internationaux, et l’indice Aibe, développé par Censis (LlInstitut national de recherche) avec l’Association des banques étrangères, est en baisse à 40,3, de 47,8 enregistré en 2016. Etant donné que 100 est la valeur maximale, l’Italie est donc considérée comme un pays où il n’est pas très pratique d’investir: parmi les causes principales il y a la charge fiscale, les temps de la bureaucratie civile et réglementaire et la justice. Les plus attrayants sont la Chine et l’Allemagne, suivis par les Etats-Unis et l’Inde.

Malgré tout, on peut rester optimiste

Cependant, il y a plusieurs facteurs qui pourraient avoir un effet positif sur l’attractivité de l’Italie, à partir du Programme de l’industrie 4.0. Même le Brexit pourrait favoriser l’Italie, alors que la présidence Trump est considérée comme un facteur négatif, ainsi que l’instabilité politique intérieure. Les points forts  restent pour les investisseurs étrangers la mode et le luxe (91,3%), la nourriture (60,9%) et la mécanique (60,9%). Ils sont suivis par le tourisme et les produits pharmaceutiques. Parmi les facteurs internes, d’une grande importance est la qualité des ressources humaines. Le mode principal d’investissement est indiqué dans la fusion et l’acquisition, pratique au prestige de ses marques, la qualité des produits et services et le prix d’acquisition considéré comme relativement faible. Il est à peine le cas de noter que même les prix de l’immobilier sont relativement bon marché, surtout dans certaines régions. On peut trouver des résidences sur le front de mer autour de 1000 € le mètre carré, surtout dans le sud de la péninsule.

Bref, conclut-il le Censis, la perception extérieure de l’Italie est meilleure pour les aspects structurels du pays comme les ressources humaines, l’infrastructure, le système bancaire et la flexibilité du marché du travail. Alors que les investisseurs restent frileux en vue des aspects qui impliquent l’administration publique.

Ce qui freine l’investissement pourrait disparaître

Si l’on regarde les dernières élections administratives de mi-juin, les partis extrémistes ont perdu du terrain. Ce qui pourrait permettre aux partix qui gouvernent d’effectuer les réformes dont l’Italie a besoin.

Sur ce qui devrait pointer vers l’Italie pour améliorer leur « cadre de commodité », tel que défini par l’enquête Censis? Pour la grande majorité des répondants (qui sont des entrepreneurs, des gestionnaires, des banques et des correspondants étrangers), il est essentiel de poursuivre les réformes: 72% le déclare. La réforme de l’administration publique, la simplification et la certitude d’une politique fiscale plus efficace, la réforme de la justice civile, ne cessent de revenir au centre des préoccupations des investisseurs étrangers.

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